Glossitis

Glossite means that the tongue has become red, swollen and irritated. It can be caused by anything from a vitamin deficiency to a fungal infection or mechanical action. Glossitis is usually harmless but can be an early sign of underlying health problems that need to be investigated.

"Glossitis is often harmless but can also be an early sign of something bigger, like vitamin deficiency or infection. A thorough Examination will help us find the right treatment and relieve the symptoms."
- Erik, dentist at Dentme

What is glossite?

Glossitis is an inflammation of the surface of the tongue. It can lead to a smooth, red and sore tongue and affect the ability to taste. The condition can be acute or chronic. If symptoms last more than two weeks, the cause should be investigated.

Glossitis can occur as an isolated condition or be linked to diseases affecting the oral mucosa in general.

Common causes of glossitis

- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
In particular, deficiencies of B12, folic acid or iron - nutrients essential for the functioning of the mucous membrane.

- Fungal infection (oral candidiasis)
Candida fungi can overgrow in dry mouth, compromised immune system or antibiotic treatment.

- Mechanical irritation
For example, from dentures, teeth grinding or tongue biting.

- Dry mouth
Common in the elderly or when using certain medicines.

- Infections
Bacterial or viral infections, sometimes related to colds or dental problems.

- Autoimmune conditions
Diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome or lichen planus can cause long-term glossitis.

- Smoking or snuff
Tobacco use irritates the surface of the tongue and increases the risk of inflammation.

Symptoms of glossitis

- Red and swollen tongue

- Pain or burning, especially with strong, hot or acidic food

- Shiny, smooth tongue surface

- White or yellowish coatings

- Cracks or soreness in the surface of the tongue

- Change in taste or loss of taste

When should you seek medical help?

You should contact your dentist or doctor if you

- Have pain, swelling or redness of the tongue for more than two weeks

- Detects deposits or cracks that do not disappear

- Have other symptoms such as fatigue or bleeding that may indicate a nutritional deficiency

- Using a prosthesis or occlusal splint that causes discomfort

Treatment of glossitis

Treatment is tailored to the cause:

- In case of infections: antifungal medicines (e.g. nystatin) or antibiotics

- In case of vitamin deficiency: supplementation with B12, folic acid or iron

- In case of irritation: adjustment of a dental prosthesis or occlusal splint

- In autoimmune disease: examination and treatment by a doctor

- In severe pain: local anaesthetic gel or over-the-counter painkillers

Some patients also receive advice on oral care, diet and lifestyle to prevent relapse.

How to prevent glossitis

- Brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste twice a day

- Use dental floss and atongue depressor regularly

- Avoid tobacco, alcohol and spicy foods

- Drink enough water to prevent dry mouth

- Eat a nutritious diet with enough B12, folic acid and iron

- Visit the dentist regularly, especially when using a denture or splint

Frequently asked questions about glossitis

What causes glossitis?
Most common are vitamin deficiency, infection or mechanical irritation. Sometimes it is linked to dry mouth or autoimmune diseases.

Is glossite dangerous?
No, not usually. But it may be a symptom of an underlying problem that should be investigated if it does not go away.

How long does it take to get rid of glossitis?
Mild cases can heal in a few days to a week. Chronic glossitis may require longer treatment.

Can glossitis be treated at home?
You can alleviate problems with good oral care and a nutritious diet. But if they persist, you should seek professional help.

Can glossitis affect the taste?
Yes, many people experience altered taste or reduced palatability with glossitis.

Can children get glossitis?
Yes, even children can be affected - especially in cases of vitamin deficiency, infections or tongue biting.

Sources used by Dentme:

1177 Vårdguiden - Tongue pain
https://www.1177.se/Stockholm/sjukdomar--besvar/mun-och-tander/mun-och-sval/ont-i-tungan/

Tandläkartidningen - Oral mucosal changes
https://www.tandlakartidningen.se/nyheter/munhalsans-sjukdomar-far-battre-stod-i-nytt-nationellt-vardprogram/ 

Cleveland Clinic . Glossitis
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21790-glossitis

NHS - Mouth ulcers and oral infections
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mouth-ulcers/